从奈达功能对等理论的角度看隐喻翻译

On Translation Methods of Metaphor from Perspective of Nida's Translation Theory "Functional Equivalence"

传统的隐喻研究局限在修辞学领域,认为隐喻仅仅是一种语言现象。随着隐喻研究的深入,隐喻已经不仅仅简单地被看作一种修辞手段,更重要的是作为一种认知手段和思维方式,可以帮助人类理解和认识周围世界,并反映了人脑反映世界的方式。隐喻翻译的关键在于如何处理喻体,如何体现喻意。奈达的"功能对等"翻译理论被广泛应用在圣经翻译中,也可以有效地指导隐喻的翻译。"功能对等"包含3方面内容,分别为"对等"、"自然"和"最贴切"。文章在"功能对等"这3方面内容的指导下总结出处理喻体的3种方法,即保留喻体,改变喻体和舍弃喻体,以保证译文读者对译文的反应与原文读者对原文的反应最大程度地一致。

Metaphor used to be confined to the rhetorical area by the conventional metaphor study,in which metaphor was only regarded as a linguistic phenomenon.As the research on metaphor goes deeper and wider,metaphor was not only considered as a rhetorical device,but rather a way that helps human beings to learn and understand the surrounding world,in addition,it can show how human brain reacts to the world.The key to how to translate metaphors lies in how to deal with vehicle and how to reveal ground.Although Nida's translation theory 'functional equivalence' used to be broadly used in Bible translation,author of this article thinks this theory can be a useful guide to the translation of metaphor.'Functional equivalence' includes three aspects,respectively being 'equivalent','natural' and 'the closest'.Under the guidance of these three aspects,this passages reveals three basic ways to deal with vehicle,namely detaining it,changing it and omitting it.These translation methods will try to allow readers in the target language to react to the translation in exactly the same way as the readers in the source language react to the original passage.