农村独生子女与非独生子女小学生行为问题比较研究

Only-not Only Child Difference in Behavior Problems of Primary School Students in Rural Area

目的了解我国农村独生子女与非独生子女小学生行为问题的现状与差异,为开展农村小学生行为问题的预防和干预提供依据。方法采用Achenbach儿童行为家长评定量表(CBCL)对5 074名农村小学生进行行为问题的调查研究。结果非独生子女除了在社交问题的得分低于独生子女以外,在退缩、躯体主诉、焦虑/抑郁、违纪行为、思维问题、内向性问题和总行为问题的得分均高于独生子女,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。男生在外向性问题和总行为问题得分高于女生,内向性问题得分低于女生,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。独生子女男生与非独生子女男生的行为问题年级发展趋势基本相同,独生子女女生与非独生子女女生则有不一样的发展趋势。结论农村独生子女发生行为问题的风险要低于非独生子女。是否独生子女对农村不同性别小学生行为问题的发生影响不一致,应该重点关注农村非独生子女女生心理和行为的发展。

Objective To evaluate behavioral problems of primary school only children and children with siblings in rural area.Methods Parents of 5 074 children completed Child Behavior Checklist（CBCL）.Results Significant only or sibling differences for withdrawn,somatic complaints,anxiety/depression rule-breaking behavior,thought problem,internalizing problem and total problem,in all cases siblings were given higher problem scores except for social problem（all P0.05）.Significant differences across gender group were found that boys obtained higher total and externalizing scores but lower internalizing scores than girls（all P0.05）.In boys,both onlies and siblings,the change of prevalence rate of behavior problem from grades 1 to 6 was relatively identical,whereas the opposite was true for girls.Conclusion The factor of being an only child or not has more influence on girl＇s behavior problem than boys.More researches are needed to focus on not-only girl＇s psychology and behavior development in rural China.