青岛市外来务工人员心理健康状况、心理需求、应对方式研究

A study on mental-health,psychological needs and coping style of migrant-workers in Qingdao

目的调查外来务工人员的心理状况、心理需求及应对方式,探讨干预对策,为政府决策提供依据。方法分层整群抽取青岛市内的外来务工人员1 300名及本地务工人员983名,用症状自评量表评估其心理健康水平,用心理需求调查问卷了解外来务工人员的心理需求,用应对方式问卷了解他们解决事情的能力及方式,用SPSS18.0统计软件分析问卷调查的结果。结果外来务工人员心理需求中最常见的为安全的需要,其余依次为自我实现、尊重、爱与归属和生理的需要;SCL-90量表中6个因子得分、总分及阳性项目数显著高于本地务工人员(P<0.05);应对因子分从高到低依次为:解决问题、自责、求助、合理化、逃避和幻想,且除求助外,应对方式各分量表与SCL-90各因子具有相关性。结论外来务工人员普遍存在心理需求得不到满足,心理健康状况不良,应对方式不当等问题,应当从心理专业角度提出干预对策。

Objective To explore the mental health, psychological needs and coping style of migrant-workers in Qingdao. Methods A total of 1 300 migrant-workers and 983 local-workers in Qingdao were recruited with the method of stratified random sampling. Symptom checklist-90 （SCL-90） was used to survey their mental health. Self-designed psychological needs questionnaire was used to detect their psychological needs. Coping style questionnaire （CSQ） was used to detect their ability and manner to resolve troubles. SPSS18.0 was used for data analysis. Results The need for safety ranked the first place of psychological needs of migrant-workers, then followed by the need for self-actualization, need for respect, need for love and belongingness, need for physiology. Total score of SCL-90, six factors＇ score and mumber of positive items in migrant-workers were significantly higher than those in local-workers （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Factor scores of coping style ordered in the sequence of decending were problem-solving, self - accusation, seeking for help, rationalization, escape and fantasy. Factor scores of CSQ except the seeking for help were relevant with factor scores of 5CL-90. Conclusion The psychological needs of migrant - worders are not met. The levels of theire mental health is relatively low and their coping style is inappropriate. So, professional intervention measures should be made to improve the situations.