安徽省级自然保护区沱湖湿地的群落生态学研究及其恢复重建策略

A study on community ecology and the restoration and reconstruction strategy of Tuohu wetland in the Anhui provincial nature reserve

湿地是自然界生物多样性最丰富的生态景观和人类最重要的生存环境之一。近来,随着社会和经济的发展,对湿地资源的过度开发及不合理利用,造成湿地生态系统结构和功能遭到严重干扰及破坏,极大制约社会经济可持续发展,因此,对湿地保护与恢复显得尤为重要。本研究以安徽省级自然保护区沱湖湿地为研究对象,通过访谈、调查、TWINSPAN分类和DCA排序等方法,对沱湖湿地的环境状况、植物多样性和群落学特征进行分析,结果表明沱湖湿地生态环境退化明显,水生群落组成简单,主要由菹草组成,珍稀濒危植物有野莲、野大豆和野菱3种。DCA二维排序较好地验证了TWINSPAN的分类结果,其纵、横坐标都反应群丛所处生境的梯度变化。结合沱湖水域和水生生态系统的特点,分别从政策法规、技术方案、保护策略、建设模式方面提出生态重建的具体建议。

Wetland is one of the most important living environments and is an ecological landscape with the most abundant biodiversity in the world.Recently,with rapid development of society and economy,as well as over-exploitation and irrational utilization to wetland resources,the structure and function of the wetland ecosystem has suffered grievous disturbance and destruction.This has limited the social economy to sustainable development so it is very important and urgent to protect and restore wetlands.The community characteristics of the Tuohu wetland in the Anhui provincial nature reserve were analyzed using the methods of participatory rural appraisal（PRA）,biodiversity investigation,TWINSPAN classification and DCA ordination,the environment situation,plant biodiversity.1） The Tuohu wetland ecological environment had obviously degenerated;2） The aquatic community structure,of Potamogeton crispus,appeared to be simple;3） There were three rare and endangered plant species in the nature reserve,i.e.Nelumbo adans,Glycine soja,and Trapa incise.The results of DCA ordination both tested and verified the results of the TWINSPAN classification,and the ordinate and abscissa of DCA ordination indicated the gradient variety of habitat associations.Based on the characters of the water body and aquatic ecological system,some suggestions for policy rule of law,technology solutions,conservation strategies,and development mode were addressed in this paper.