教学实践能力的涌现——从日本教师教育课程模式谈起

Cultivation of Teaching Practice Ability Based on the Emergence Theory: A Case Study on the Model for Japanese Teacher Education Curriculum

教师教学实践能力的养成和发展是一个复杂的系统涌现过程,分析该涌现过程的内在规律,对于改进和完善相关的实践能力培养体系具有重要的参考价值。日本教师教学实践能力的养成,按照"实践育师"的教育体制要求,以分层体验式教育课程为基本途径加以实现。以这种培养教师教学实践力的课程模式为实例,从"构材"、"量积"、"质组"、"环境"四个涌现环节,分析日本教师教育课程模式中所蕴含的教学能力涌现规律。对照日本教育界的做法,从目前国内教师培养的现状看,需要进一步完善配套培养体制的针对性和可操作性,帮助教师涌现出更多的教学实践能力。

The cultivation and development of teachers＇ ability of teaching practice is a complicated process of system emergence. A good analysis of the inherent mechanism of that process is valuable for the improvement of the cultivation practice. In the Japanese educational system, the cultivation of teachers＇ ability of teaching practice is fulfilled by following the ＂nurture from practice＂ requirement and by carrying out the step - by - step, experience - featured curriculum. Based on a case study of the Japanese curriculum model, this paper analyzes the working principle contained from four facets of the emergence process ： mate- rial, accumulation, organization, and environment. Although there exist different educational circumstances between China and Japan, the analysis is enlightening for improvement of our national cultivation system as the principle is adopted in our own teach- er education practice. Compared with the Japanese case, in terms of outside environment, our cultivation system should be made more maneuverable and applicationoriented so as to help teachers enhance their ability to do teaching practice.