中国西部5省农村婴儿纯母乳喂养影响因素分析

Analysis on the effect factors of pure breastfeeding among the rural infants in five provinces of Western China

目的:了解中国西部农村婴儿的母乳喂养现状,探讨影响4个月内婴儿纯母乳喂养的相关因素。方法:利用"2006年中国十省农村7岁以下儿童体格发育调查"资料,选取西部5省的农村婴儿作为研究对象。结果:西部5省农村婴儿母乳喂养率为71.97%;4个月内纯母乳喂养率为52.02%。单因素分析结果显示,影响婴儿4个月内纯母乳喂养的因素包括婴儿性别、胎数、出生体重、患病情况,父母亲年龄、母亲文化水平和职业、家庭年收入;多因素分析结果显示,双胎、有疾病史、出生体重低、母亲年龄大、母亲文化水平高、家庭年收入高是婴儿4个月内纯母乳喂养的危险因素。结论:中国西部5省农村婴儿4个月内纯母乳喂养率较低,受婴儿自身因素、母亲因素和家庭经济因素的影响,应加强孕期保健服务,积极宣传和普及科学喂养知识,提高母亲母乳喂养意识。

Objective： To understand the current situation of breastfeeding among the rural infants in Western China, explore the related effect factors of pure breastfeeding of the infants within four months. Methods： The investigation data of physical development of rural children under seven years in ten provinces of China in 2006 were utilized to select the rural infants from five provinces of Western China as study objects. Results： The breastfeeding rate of the rural infants in five provinces of Western China was 71.97%. The pure breastfeeding rate of the infants within four months was 52. 02%. The results of univariate analysis showed that the effect factors of pure breastfeeding among the infants within four months included gender, the number of fetuses, birth weight, sickness status, parental ages, maternal occupation and educational level, and family annual income; the results of multivariate analysis showed that twin pregnancy, medical history, low birth weight, older maternal age, high maternal educational level, and high family annual income were the risk factors of pure breastfeeding among the infants within four months. Conclusion ： The pure breastfeeding rate of the infants within four months in five provinces of Western China is low, which is affected by the own factors of the infants, maternal factors, and familial economic factors, the health care services during pregnancy should be enhanced, the scientific feeding knowledge should be propagandized and popularized actively, and the consciousness of breastfeeding should be improved among the mothers.