石斑鱼类养殖技术体系的创建和石斑鱼养殖产业持续发展的思考

The establishment of Grouper cultural technology and the ideas for sustained development of Grouper aquaculture industry

石斑鱼是驰名世界的名贵海产鱼类,是中国南方沿海广东、海南、福建、广西等海水养殖业的主要对象,经济价值巨大。中国石斑鱼类养殖兴起于20世纪80、90年代;进入21世纪,中山大学的研究团队围绕石斑鱼苗种繁育和养殖产业化的理论和技术进行了一系列研究,对其生殖调控、生长发育、营养需求、病害防治、种质分析、养殖技术和养殖模式等方面进行集成创新,建立苗种繁育和成鱼养殖各个环节的技术规范和管理措施,实现了石斑鱼苗种规模化繁育和自养自足,从而带动石斑鱼养殖产业发展到相当的规模。石斑鱼类养殖产业化持续健康发展的总体思路是:以建设资源高效利用、改善生态环境、产品优质安全的现代渔业基本内涵为目标,改革和提升传统养殖技术和养殖模式,转变产业发展方式,不断优化和提升产业链上的各项技术,包括:(1)优化苗种人工繁育技术,提高苗种成活率和苗种质量;(2)培育抗逆、抗病、优质、高产的优良品种;(3)配制高效、优质的人工配合饲料;(4)建立病害检测和防控新技术和研制主要疾病的特异性疫苗;(5)建立高效、低碳、节能的养殖技术,因地制宜地采用先进的养殖模式;(6)加强石斑鱼类的生物学基础研究以及生物科学和工程技术的交叉融合、协同发展,为石斑鱼养殖产业的技术创新和集约化与工程化奠定基础。

Groupers are one of the major mariculture species in Southern China coastal regions,including Guangdong,Fujian,Guangxi and Hainan Provinces.In China,Groupers culture was initiated in Eighty and Ninety of last century,then,series of experiments and researches dealt with the theory and technology of grouper larval production and grow-out culture industry were carried out in recent years of this century,intended to improve induced breeding,larval rearing,nutrient requirement,disease defenses,germ plasm analyze and collection,culture techniques as well as culture modes,established the technical specification and management regime for larval production and grow-out culture,and realized the large-scale production of seed stock,thereafter,promoted the development of groupers culture industry reaching a considerable scope. The major ideas for the sustained development of a more productive groupers aquaculture industry in China are highly effective utilize of resources,improve marine ecosystem,innovate culture techniques and culture modes,including：（1） optimize the larval rearing techniques,enhance the survival rate and quality of seed stock;（2） improve good variety with disease-resistance,high growth-rate and high quality;（3） produce formulated pellet with high efficiency and good quality;（4） establish new techniques for diseases detection and defense;（5） establish new cultural techniques and cultural modes with high-efficacy,low-carbon,and energy-save;（6） strengthen the basic research on grouper biology.