立地条件和积雪厚度对古尔班通古特沙漠梭梭造林的影响

Effects of Site Condition and Snow Depth on Haloxyon ammodendron Afforestation in Gurbantunggut Desert

为了辨认立地条件和积雪厚度对梭梭苗木成活的影响,于2009年4月,在新疆古尔班通古特沙漠南缘选取了沙丘阴坡、沙丘阳坡、丘间平地作为研究样地,在原有自然降雪的基础上,通过补水模拟不同年份的积雪厚度,进行了梭梭春季免灌造林研究,选择适宜实施梭梭免灌造林的立地环境和积雪条件。研究结果表明,不同立地条件之间梭梭免灌造林成活率差异显著,沙丘阴坡、丘间平地和沙丘阳坡梭梭免灌造林成活率分别为53.66%、14.42%和4.73%,这与3种立地条件的土壤水分状况吻合,说明水分是影响梭梭免灌造林的关键因子;在不同的立地条件下,积雪厚度对梭梭免灌造林成活率的影响程度不同,在年积雪厚度达到17cm时,沙丘阴坡梭梭免灌造林成活率能达到54.95%,而在丘间平地与沙丘阳坡梭梭免灌造林成活率却很小,由于3种立地条件各种环境因子的差异,造成了不同立地条件下同一积雪厚度对梭梭免灌造林成活率存在差异。

Resource development and civil engineering project construction caused environmental disturbance to fragile desert eco-system in Gurbantunggut Desert,the largest fixed and semi-fixed sandy desert in China.There was very little snow in 2009 in this area,so artificial water compensating measures were used to simulate snow of different depths in artificial afforestation experiment.Results showed that the survival rate of Haloxyon ammodendron at shady slope,flat and sunny slope were 53.66%,14.42% and 4.73% respectively,because soil moisture at shady slope was better than at flat which was better than at sunny slope.Since the environmental factors of shady slope,flat and sunny slope were different,the effects of snow depth on the survival rate of Haloxyon ammodendron in different afforestation sites were different.When the snow depth was 17 cm,the survival rate of Haloxyon ammodendron at shady slope of dunes was 54.95% when without artificial water compensating,but it was very low in flat and sunny slope of dunes.