Nb在高铬铸铁型堆焊金属中的作用

The Role of Niobium in the High Chromium Cast Iron Hardfacing Metal

在高铬铸铁型堆焊金属中,用7%的铌元素取代相同摩尔数的铬元素,制成含铌的明弧自保护药芯焊丝。运用彩色金相分析、扫描电镜及能谱分析、X射线物相分析、洛氏硬度测试等技术,研究了铌在高铬铸铁型堆焊金属中的作用,分析了线能量对高铬铸铁型堆焊金属组织和硬度的影响。结果表明:铌元素能够优先与碳结合,形成弥散分布的碳化铌结晶核心,阻止初生碳化物的生长,具有明显的细化晶粒作用。不论是否添加铌元素,同种堆焊金属线能量越小,碳化物尺寸越细小;裂纹数量越多,裂纹分布越均匀,且裂缝间隙越小。可以通过控制线能量来控制焊缝的裂纹分布,防止堆焊层脱落。改变线能量以及用7%的铌元素取代相同摩尔数的铬元素,其洛氏硬度值基本保持不变,均在60HRC左右。

In this paper, self-shielded flux cored wire including niobium for open arc welding was prepared with 7 % niobium element to replace the same number of moles of chromium element in the high chromium cast iron hardfacing metal. The role of niobium in the high chromium cast iron hardfacing metal was studied, the effect of heat input on microstructure and hardness of the high chromium cast iron hardfacing metal was analyzed, by means of color metallography, SEM, EDS, XRD and testing Rockwell hardness techniques. The results showed that niobium element can preferentially combined with carbon to form dispersion distribution of NbC crystal core, to prevent the growth of primary carbides, thus plays a significant role of grain refinement. The heat input in the same hardfacing metal is smaller, whether or not to add niobium element, the size of carbides is finer, the number of cracks is greater, its distribution is more homogeneous and its gap was smaller. The crack distribution can be controlled by adjusting heat input in order to prevernt hardfaeing layer falling off. No matter changing heat input or replacing the same number of moles of chromium element with 7% niobium element in hardfacing metal, its Rockwell hardness basically remained constant, both in the 60 HRC or so