中俄双边口岸鼠类及体表寄生虫调查

A Survey of Rodent and Rodent-Borne Ectozoa in Ports between China and Russia

2007年采用在口岸的港区、仓库、垃圾堆与自然生境的林地、草地、牧场、田地、堤坝处布置板夹与弓形夹的方法，对中俄边境中方（黑河市、逊克市、抚远市、饶河市）以及俄罗斯境内的3个边境口岸（布拉戈申斯维克、波利亚科沃镇、哈巴罗夫斯克市）进行了鼠类及体表寄生虫调查。结果显示，中国的4个口岸总捕获率1．8％，其中自然生境总捕获率14．37％。俄罗斯3个口岸总捕获率4．34％，其中自然生境布总捕获率11．76％。本次调查共捕获鼠类11种，其中中方口岸黑线姬鼠Apodemusagrarius为优势种，构成比占60％；俄方口岸黑线仓鼠Cricetulusbarabensis（23％）和黑线姬鼠（29％）同为优势种，合计构成比52％。从所捕获的鼠类体表采集和鉴定了体表寄生虫，其中蚤9种、革螨4种和蜱3种。调查表明，中方抚远口岸、饶河口岸以及俄方的哈巴口岸啮齿动物捕获率较高，达10％～20％，故应密切关注流行性出血热在国境上的传人与传出。

A survey of rodents and rodent-borne parasites was conducted in four ports of Heilongjiang of China and three corresponding ports of Russia in 2007. Splint and arch trapping was performed at the habitats of harbors, storage areas and fields. The results showed that the average rodent density was 1.8% in four Chinese ports with a capture rate of 14.37% in the field habitats. While in three Russian ports the average rodent density was 4.34% with a capture rate of 11.76% in the field habitats. Apodemus agrarius was the dominant species in the four Chinese ports composing 60% of the total captures, while both Crieetulus barabensis and Apodemus agrarius jointly were the dominant species in three Russian ports composing 23% and 29% of the total captures, respectively. The collected eetozoa included nine species of fleas, four species of acarid and three species of ticks. In conclusion, the higher capture rates of rodents （ 10%-20% ） were in Fuyuan and Raohe port of China, and in Haba port of Russian. Therefore, a special attention should be paid to the epidemic of hemorrhagic fever on the border areas between China and Russia.