簇毛麦1V染色体的传递及品质效应分析

Transmission and Quality Effect Involving 1V Chromosome of Haynaldia vollisa

簇毛麦是小麦的一个野生近缘种,小麦-簇毛麦1V异附加系和异代换系的蛋白质含量和沉降值均高,将簇毛麦1V染色体的优质基因导入普通小麦,进一步创造小麦-簇毛麦1V染色体易位系是小麦品质改良的有效途径。以小麦-簇毛麦1V异染色体系材料为基础,用普通小麦连续回交,结合原位杂交和PCR标记鉴定方法,分析1V染色体以及1V结构变异体通过雌、雄配子的传递行为。结果表明,簇毛麦1V染色体以及1V结构变异体在BC1,BC2,BC3的平均传递率均低于理论值,且随着回交世代的增加,传递率逐渐增大;至BC3,两种易位染色体通过雌、雄配子的传递均符合1∶1分离规律,而端体系和整条1V染色体传递率仍低于理论值50%;不同类型1V染色体通过雌配子的传递率在世代间相对大小是一致的,均为W.1VL>1VS.W>1V>Mt1VL>Mt1VS,并且高于通过雄配子的传递率。品质测试结果表明,1V异染色体系材料与中国春和硬粒小麦相比,蛋白质和湿面筋含量均高,可望成为当前小麦品质改良的优异资源。

Haynaldia villosa is a wild relative of common wheat. Higher seed protein concentration and SDSsedimentation value were found in addition or substitution lines of 1V in Chinese Spring background than those in Chinese Spring. It is an efficient method for wheat quality improvement to introduce high quality genes from 1 V into common wheat and to develop T. aestivum-H, villosa translocation line involving IV chromosome. Transmission behave of 1V chromosome and its structure aberrants through gametes were analyzed in this paper based 1V alien chromosome lines,which backcrossed continuously with T. aestivum and identified with fluorescence in situ hybridization and PCR markers. The result indicated that the transmission percentage of 1 V chromosome and its structure aberrants were lower than the theory values in BC1, BC2, BC3. generations, and the transmission ratios enhanced when the backcross generation increased. The transmission percentage of two type translocation chromosomes through female and male gamete were accorded with separate law of 1 ： 1, and of telosomic lines and 1 V chromosome were lower than 50% in BC3. Various type 1V chromosomes through female gamete showed relatively stable transmission ability in difference generations with anorder of W 1VL 〉 1VS W 〉 1V 〉 MtlVL 〉 MtlVS,and transmission ability through female gametes was generally higher than that through male gametes. 1 V alien chromosome lines possess higher protein and wet gluten content than Chinese Spring and T. durum according quality test,and it would be excellent resource for quality improvement in common wheat.