小麦不同生育期磷-锌关系研究

A Study on Zinc-Phosphorus Interaction of Wheat Plants at Different Growth Stages

采用田间试验方法,在土壤中施用不同水平组合的磷、锌肥,在小麦的不同生育时期(苗期、拔节期、抽穗期、灌浆期以及成熟期)分器官对磷-锌营养关系进行了研究。结果表明,施磷降低了小麦地上部各器官锌含量,且水平越高效果愈明显,在作用时间上主要表现在生长前期(苗期、拔节期和抽穗期);小麦苗期、拔节期和成熟期地上部各器官磷含量在施锌后有所降低,而抽穗期和灌浆期略有提高,表明小麦磷锌拮抗作用可能主要发生在生育前期(包括苗期和拔节期)和后期(成熟期)。在小麦不同的生长阶段,施磷后锌含量降低程度大小顺序为:茎>穗(籽粒或颖)>叶,其中对茎部锌含量的影响主要发生在小麦生长前期,后期主要作用部位是籽粒。施磷比较明显的降低了小麦地上部锌含量,而施入锌肥后无论对小麦地上部磷含量表现出拮抗还是互助,绝大部分没有达到显著水平,这说明磷对锌的影响要远大于锌对磷的影响。总之,磷-锌相互作用对苗期、拔节期小麦茎部和成熟期籽粒的磷、锌营养平衡具有很明显的影响,而且在相互作用的程度大小上存在差异。

A field experiment using 4 genotypes of winter wheat（ Zhongyu6, Xianyan22, Xizal, Zhengmai9023 ） which have different zinc efficiency was conducted to investigate the interaction of P-Zn of wheat plants under different combinations of Zn and P fertilization rates. Zinc rates were supplied at two levels of deficient（0 kg/ha）and nor- mal（7 kg/ha） ,and P was designed in five rates,namely,0（deficiency） ,50（ low）, 100（ normal）, 150（high） ,200 （excess） kg/ha. The obtained results showed that P application to soil led to shoot zinc concentration decreased of wheat plants,and it was more obviously at wheat growth prophase （seedling time, drawn bural times and tassel times） than growth anaphase. The phosphorus concentration of the shoot apparatus of wheat plants was decreased under zinc supply at seedling time,drawn bural times and mature times respectively,however,the phosphorus concen- tration increased at drawn burel and grouting times of wheat plants. It was said that the time of zinc and phosphorous antagonism was main at wheat growth prophase（ seedling time,drawn bural times）and anaphase（mature times）. At the different growth stages of wheat, the shoot zinc concentration decreased degree of wheat under phosphorus supply was different as different apparatus, the order of decreased degreed of zinc concentration was ： stem 〉 fringe Cinclude wheat grain and glume） 〉 leaves, and the main time of interaction time of phosphorus and zinc was wheat growth prophase at stem,and the grain was the main place at wheat growth anaphase. The shoot zinc concentration of wheat was decreased under phosphorus supply obviously, and the decreased more and more with the increased of phosphorus supply;on the other side, no matter what the phosphorus concentration increased or decreased under zinc supply, it only had little difference,most was not reach prominence levels, so the effect of P to Zn was more obvious than Znto P,maybe it was because plant needs more P than Zn. It is concluded the place and degree of P-Zn antagonism of wheat was different at different growth stages.