节水灌溉对三江平原寒地水稻生理生态需水和产量的影响

Effects of Water-saving Irrigation on Ecological and Physiological Water Requirement and Yield of Cold Rice at Sanjiang Plain

通过田间试验研究了不同灌溉处理下三江平原寒地水稻生理生态需水变化特征。试验在三江平原沼泽湿地生态试验站农田综合试验场进行。采用非称重式蒸渗仪(有底无底测坑)和小型蒸渗仪对间歇灌溉(IT)、湿润灌溉(MT)和淹灌(CSF)条件下的稻田蒸散量、渗漏量和棵间蒸发量进行了测定。结果表明:间歇灌溉、湿润灌溉条件下的水稻蒸腾量与淹灌差异不显著,而稻田棵间蒸发量分别减少14.8%,29.6%,深层渗漏量分别减少22.7%,31.8%,水分利用效率分别提高了28.6%,42.9%,在显著减少耗水量的同时还显著的提高产量。与淹灌相比,间歇灌溉、湿润灌溉的实际籽实产量分别增加9.4%和12.7%。湿润灌溉的节水增产效果要略优于间歇灌溉,但差异不显著。

The ecological and physiological water requirement of rice was studied in a cold paddy field of Sanjiang Plain,and the field experiment was conducted at the Sanjiang Mire Wetland Experimental Station（47°35′N,133°31′E）,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Under intermittent irrigation（IT）,moisture irrigation（MT） and continuous flooding irrigation conditions（CSF）.The evapotranspiration,percolation and soil evaporation of paddy field were measured by non-weighing lysimeters（test pits with and without bottoms） and micro-lysimeters,respectively.The results showed that compared with that under CSF irrigation,the transpiration under IT irrigation and MT irrigation were not significantly reduced,but 14.8%,29.6% of water amounts were respectively reduced by decreasing the water loss through soil water evaporation,and 22.7%,31.8% of water amounts were respectively reduced by decreasing the water loss through percolation.The water use efficiency of IT irrigation and MT irrigation were increased 28.6% and 42.9%,respectively,with significant increases of grain yield.The actual yield of rice under IT and MT was respectively 9.4% and 12.7% higher than that under CSF.Water saving and yield increasing of Moisture irrigation were slightly superior to those of intermittent irrigation,but the differences were not significant.