太行山前平原小麦/玉米轮作土壤养分状况与农田氮、磷、钾平衡分析

Analysis of the Soil Nutrient Status and Balance of Nitrogen,Phosphorus,Potassium of Cropland with Wheat/maize Rotation in the Piedmont Plain of Taihang Mountains

以藁城、无极、正定三个县(市)为例,分析了当前太行山前平原小麦/玉米轮作土壤养分状况与农田氮、磷、钾三要素养分平衡特征。结果表明,与第二次土壤普查相比,三县(市)土壤有机质平均含量由1.13%提高到1.86%,全氮平均含量由0.73g/kg提高到1.14 g/kg,速效磷含量由10.3 mg/kg提高到29.83 mg/kg,速效钾含量由103.0 mg/kg提高到117.2 mg/kg,总体而言,土壤有机质虽有大幅提高,但仍然处于低水平,全氮由很低水平提高到中等水平,速效磷由中等水平提高到高水平,速效钾略有提高,处于中等水平;三县(市)农田氮、磷、钾总体均处于盈余状态,平均盈余量分别为119.8,53.5,12.2 kg/hm2,有97.5%农田的氮素、82.0%农田的磷素、63.2%农田的钾素处于盈余状态。在当前生产条件下,化肥的过量投入是导致氮、磷、钾养分盈余、积累的主要原因。

The research was conducted in Gaocheng,Wuji,Zhengding,analyzed the status of soil nutrient with wheat/maize rotation in the piedmont plain of Taihang mountains and the balance of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium of the cropland.The results indicated that compared with the second national soil survey in the three counties（city）,the average of soil organic matter content had been improved from 1.13% to 1.86%,was still at a low level;the average of Total nitrogen content had been improved from 0.73 g/kg to 1.14 g/kg,was at a middle level;the average of Available phosphorus content had been improved from 10.3 mg/kg to 29.83 mg/kg,was at a high level;the average of Available potassium content had been improved from 103.0 mg/kg to 117.2 mg/kg,was at a middle level.In general,the nutrient of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium of the farmland in three counties（city）was surplus as a whole.In the current condition of agriculture production,the overdue fertilization is the main cause of that.