冲突法中自由裁量权的自由与限制——《法律适用法》生效前后之对比

On Freedom and Restriction of Discretionary Power of the Judge in the Conflict of Laws in Our Country

法官自由裁量权对于案件的公正审理、实现实质正义具有极其重要的作用。我国冲突法在保持传统冲突法形式正义价值取向的同时,又对其独尊形式正义的偏颇进行了合理的修正,这种情形在立法上表现为既赋予法官行使自由裁量权的自由,同时又对其进行合理的限制。本文以《中华人民共和国涉外民事关系法律适用法》(以下简称《法律适用法》)的生效为时间界限,从自由和限制两个方面分别对该法以及该法生效之前我国冲突法中关于法官自由裁量权的规定进行介绍、分析和评析,指出《法律适用法》赋予法官自由裁量权的自由更为广泛,对其限制更为合理,体现了我国冲突法在追求形式正义和实质正义之平衡的道路上又取得一定的进步。文章最后还针对《法律适用法》的缺陷提出了完善建议。

The judge＇s discretionary power plays a very important role in guaranteeing just results of cases and achieving the substantive justice.As to the conflict of laws in China,while keeping the value orientation of formal justice of the traditional conflict law,rational revision has been carried out to amend its bias,namely,regarding formal justice as the only orientation.All these have been reflected in laws and regulations,that is,the judge is endowed with discretionary power,but on the other hand,his discretionary power is restricted.This paper regards the Law of the Application of Law for Foreign-related Civil Relations of the People＇s Republic of China as a watershed,analyzes and reviews the judge＇s discretionary power provided in the conflict of laws in China from two aspects,freedom and restriction respectively.And it concludes that the discretionary power introduced into the Law of the Application of Law for Foreign-related Civil Relations of the People＇s Republic of China has more freedom and more rational restriction than before,which reflects that the conflict of laws of China has made progress in pursuing the balance between formal justice and substantive justice.At last,this study proposes some suggestions to improve the defects of the Law under discussion.