张家口葡萄产区土壤抗生素含量及其潜在生态环境风险评价

Study on Eco-enviroment Risk Assessment of Antibiotics Concentrations in Soil and Environment in the Grapes Region of Zhangjiakou

抗生素是畜禽养殖业常用的一类化学药品,用量大、代谢低,通过畜禽粪便的农业施用而造成土壤污染,对人类健康和生态系统产生潜在危害。在了解常量元素(N、P、K2O)、有机质、土壤微量元素、土壤污染性重金属含量的基础上;测定了土壤中喹诺酮类和四环素类两类常用抗生素的含量;分析了pH值、土壤类型对抗生素的影响;并对土壤环境质量、潜在生态风险进行评价。结果表明:该区五种土壤重金属含量总体上低于国家土壤环境质量一级标准;土壤中抗生素含量除个别点位外均不高,在草甸土中以喹诺酮类和四环素类最大,分别以诺氟沙星和土霉素为主;土壤生态风险性评价属低度危害水平,但在涿鹿、怀来Cd是主要潜在风险性元素,而在宣化县则是Hg元素。这为预防产区土壤环境污染和名特优果品规划及环境安全评价提供科学依据,为实现我国葡萄产区持续健康发展也具有重要指导意义。

Antibiotics is a kind of chemical which is commonly used in breeding of poultry with a large amount. The intake dosage of antibiotics is higher than the metabolism. The remnant of antibiotics causes the soil pollution through the applying of poultry excrement in agriculture and it is a potential hazard to human health and the Ecological Environment. In this article, based on the content of the major elements（ N, P, K2O） , soil organic, trace elements and heavy metals leading to pollution of soil, the amount of antibiotics including quinolone and tetracycline was measured and the effects on the antibiotics of the pH and style of soil were analyzed ; the quality of soil environment and the potential ecological risk were assessed. The result showed that ： On the whole,the content of five kinds of soil heavy metal in this region was lower than the level of the national Primary standard of soil environmental quality. The content of the antibiotics in soil is not high except some individual sites, for example, the amount of quinolone and tetracycline was the largest in the meadow soil,respectively,mainly with norfloxacin and oxytetracycline. The ecological risk assessment of soil was a low hazard level, but in Zhuolu and Huailai conty Cd was the main potential risk element, and in the Xuanhua conty was the Hg. It provided science basis for the program of high quality grape regions and excellent fruit layout and environment safety assessment. It has also importance meaning for the sustained and healthy development of grapes region in our country.