城乡教育一体化：理论、指标与测算

Integration of Rural and Urban Education:Theory,Index and Measurement

城乡教育一体化是在教育公平的核心价值取向下,打破城乡二元僵局,建设城乡教育共同体,在保持与发挥城乡教育区域性特色与优势的基础上,促进城乡教育互动联结、相互帮扶、相互作用、消解差距,逐步实现城乡教育公平、共生共荣、协调发展的动态进程。城乡教育一体化的理论基础为教育公平理论、系统论与控制论、共同体理论、城市发展理论与和谐社会理论等。城乡教育一体化的内涵具有区别于城乡教育均衡和统筹城乡教育的独特性与阶段性。城乡教育一体化的特征为城乡教育目标共识、城乡教育观念互通、城乡教育地位互认、城乡教育资源共享、城乡教育责任共担、城乡教育优势互补、城乡教育困难互助和城乡教育活动共同参与。城乡教育一体化的进展可划分为自发型阶段、政府干预型阶段、高度自主型阶段。城乡义务教育一体化指标体系是由目标层、准则层和指标层三层构成的,可用以量化城乡义务教育一体化的内涵,监测城乡义务教育一体化的进程,并评价其发展水平。

The integration of rural and urban education is a dynamic process of breaking down the binary opposition situation and constructing the community of rural and urban education with the core value orientation of education equity. It aims to promote the joint interaction of rural and urban education, the mutual support, mutual interaction, the elimination of disparity, and successively realize the educational equity of rural and urban education, the co-existence and co-prosperity, and the harmonious development on the basis of maintaining and developing the regional characteristics and advantages of rural and urban education. The theoretical foundation of the integration of rural and urban education includes the theory of educational equity, and that of systematology and cybernetics, of community, of urban development and harmonious society, etc. The connotation of the integration of rural and urban education has its own peculiarity and periodicity which is different from the balance and the unification of rural and urban education. The characteristics of the integration of rural and urban education are as follows： the common view of rural and urban education objectives, the mutual communication of rural and urban education concepts, the mutual identification of rural and urban education status, the resources Sharing of rural and urban education, the responsibility sharing of rural and urban education, the mutual complementarities of rural and urban education, the mutual assistance of rural and urban education, and the joint participation of rural and urban education activities. The process of the integration of rural and urban education could be divided into the stages of spontaneity, government interference and high degree of independence. The index system of the integration of rural and urban education is constituted by the layers of objectives, standards and indicators, which is available to quantify the connotation of the integration of rural and urban compulsory education, monitor the progress of the integration of rural and urban compulsory education, and evaluate its development level.