银合欢豆象生物学特性及其防治

Studies on the Biology and Control of Acanthoscelides macrophthalmus (Schaeffer) (Coleoptera:Bruchidae)

银合欢豆象[Acanthoscelides macrophthalmus（Schaeffer,1907）]是银合欢属Leucae植物种子上的重要害虫,除银合欢外,也可蛀食南洋楹（Falcataria moluccana）种子。在75%RH及20~35℃的条件下,卵期为4～12 d。幼虫期为18～37 d,蛹期为5～11 d。成虫寿命17~31 d,雌雄性别比约为1∶1。在75%RH及26℃条件下,银合欢豆象完成1个世代需要44～48 d。在野外,银合欢豆象在幼龄阶段常被一种姬小蜂科（Eulophidae）的柄腹姬小蜂属（Pediobius Walker）寄生。在75%~80%RH及25～30℃条件下,使用56%磷化铝片剂对银合欢豆象进行熏蒸,用药量7~9 g/m3,熏蒸时间48~72 h,成虫、幼虫及蛹死亡率100%。

The leucaena bruchid beetle, Acanthoscelides macrophthalmus （Schaeffer, 1907）, is an important insect of leueaena seeds and Falcataria moluecana was also used by the larva in China. Among RH75% and 20-35℃, The eggs hatch about 4-12 days after they are laid. The young larva comes out from the egg and then enters into and chews the pod. The larva feeds and grows, moults and pupates generally within a single seed. There is usually but not always only one bmchid in each seed. The larva overwinters in the seed. The larva pupates after it comes out from the egg about 18-37 days. And then after 5-11 days, it emerges into the adult. The adults can last about 17-31 days, and the sex ratio of female to male was 1：1. It takes 44-48 days for the bruchid beetle to complete its lifecycle under 26 ℃ and Rid 80%. Averagely, A kind of parasitic wasp Pediobius sp. （Hymenoptera： Eulophidae） is found parasitising the immature stages of A. maerophtholmus. Among RH75%-80% and 25-30℃, all the adults, larva, and pupae died after treated 48-72 hours with aluminium phosphating （56% tablet） at the dose of 7-9 g/m3.