政治演说中意图的转喻理据与推导

Intention's Metonymy Theory and Derivation in Political Speeches

认知语言学家普遍认为转喻是人类使用语言的手段,是人类思考、认知世界和推理的过程。本文从认知语用学的理论出发,结合英汉政治演说实例对意图传递的转喻理据进行初探,分析了转喻可以传递意图的邻近原则、突显原则、链式原则和简约原则,试图解释语言交际中的发话人如何通过转喻传递自己想要说的内容,受话人又如何借助转喻进行联想认知,得出了推导演说者意图的"转喻关系——语境——常规关系——联想激活"的推理模式。

Cognitive linguists generally believe that metonymy is the means that human beings use languages and is the process that human think,perceive the world and reason.On the basis of cognitive pragmatic theory and combining with Chinese and English political speeches cases,this paper probes into the metonym theories conveyed by intents and analyzes the principle of proximity,prominence principle,chain principle and simple principle what metonym can deliver intent,and it also tries to explain how the speakers convey their what they want to say by metonymy and how the callers use associative cognitive by means of metonymy and then get reasoning mode that can deduce speakers＇ intention,that is ＂ metonymic relations——context——conventional relation——associative activation＂.