西方大学治理研究及其对中国高等教育改革的启示

A Review of Literature on University Governance and Enlightenment

大学治理机制是影响教育质量的关键因素,如何分配行政权力和学术权力一直是教育政策制定时永恒的主题。中国大学的"行政化"治理严重地阻碍了中国高等教育的发展。从经济学的视角对西方大学治理的研究文献进行了介绍和评论,为中国大学破除"行政化"治理改革提出了政策建议。研究发现:教授治校并不是有效的大学治理模式;有效的大学治理要求大学内的不同利益群体控制不同类型的决策,决策权的分配取决于不同利益群体在决策时面临的激励和信息约束;与学院和专科学校相比较,综合性研究大学更趋向于民主治理。

This paper sums up the main point of research on university governance, introduces the institutions of university govemance, and overviews the literatures from three different kinds of economic theory. The basic conclusions are mainly ： the faculty participation in university decision makings will lead to low- quality teaching and research;faculty participation in certain types of decisions, namely those where faculty may have better incentives and information, will lead to improve performance;In comparative with college and specialized institution, the research university tends to democratic governance. Suggestions are put forwards to reform the bureaucrat in the Chinese universities.