提取技术对香榧假种皮提取物组成影响的研究

Influence of Extraction Techniques on Composition of the Extracts from Aril of Torreya grandis Merrilli′

采用水蒸气蒸馏法、溶剂提取法和两步提取法对新鲜的和风干的香榧假种皮原料进行提取,从提取物得率、性状、组成成分和各成分含量等方面进行了研究。新鲜原料所得提取物得率高于风干原料,两步提取法所得提取物总得率高于另外两种方法。采用水蒸气蒸馏法,新鲜原料的提取得率为5.54%,风干原料为1.98%,GC和GC-MS分析结果表明新鲜原料主要成分为单萜类化合物,风干原料主要成分为倍半萜类化合物。新鲜原料的溶剂提取物得率高于水蒸气蒸馏法,且随着溶剂不同,得率略有变化,其中使用甲苯时得率为21.84%,使用正己烷时得率为16.01%,主要成分皆为二萜类物质;新鲜原料的两步法提取所得组分分为精油和提取物两部分,其中精油的得率、性状、组成与水蒸气蒸馏方法一致,提取物的得率、性状、组成接近于溶剂提取法,只是组分含量略有变化。对香榧假种皮进行两步法提取比较有利于精油和提取物的有效分离及利用。

The extraction yield,characteristics,component and contents of the extracts obtained separately through steam distillation,solvent extraction and two-step extraction from fresh or dried aril of Torreya grandis were studied.The yield of the extracts from fresh aril of Torreya grandis was higher than that from dried aril of Torreya grandis.The total yield of the extracts obtained by two-step extraction was higher than that obtained by other two methods.The results of GC and GC-MS analyses indicated that: by steam distillation,the extracts from fresh aril of Torreya grandis,the yield of which was 5.54 %,mainly contain monoterpenoids,while that from dried aril of Torreya grandis,and the yield of which was 1.98 %,were composed of sesquiterpenoids.The yield of the extracts obtained by solvent extraction from fresh Torreya grandis(when toluene was used,it was 21.84 %,while hexane was 16.01 %) was higher than that obtained through steam distillation,and most components of the extracts were diterpenoids.The extracts from two-step extraction of fresh Torreya grandis consisted of two parts,i.e.essential oil,which was the same as that from steam distillation,and extracts,which were close to those obtained from solvent extraction,except the contents of some components.The two-step extraction method may be favorable for effective separation and valuable utilization for both essential oil and extracts.