青海省龙葵生物学特性及资源储量

Resource accumulation and biological characteristics of Solanum nigrum L. in Qinghai Province

龙葵是青藏高原一种重要的野生药用植物,全草入药,富含生物甙、龙葵碱、澳洲茄碱等多种生物碱,具有抗炎、镇咳祛痰、影响血糖浓度以及调节中枢神经系统兴奋性等药理作用。同时,龙葵果营养成分丰富,富含果糖、矿物质和多种氨基酸等。但由于青藏高原自然环境条件恶劣,加之近年来对野生植物资源的过度开采,使得该野生植物资源量呈显著下降趋势,这对于青藏高原的生态环境保护及药用植物的开发利用都是不利的。文章采用野外定点法、最小样方法和统计学方法分别对青海省龙葵的植物学特性、群落数量特征和资源量进行了研究,并计算出龙葵的资源储量。

Solanum nigrum L. is a kind of important medical plant in Qing-Tibet Plateau and the whole plant could be used as medicine. It abundantly contains several kinds of alkaloids including biological alkaline, solanine, solasonine, etc. They have pharmacological effects on antiinflammation, antitussive and expectorant, leavening concentration of blood sugar and adjusting excitability of the central nervous system and so on. Meanwhile, the fruit of Sola- hum nigrum L. have abundant nutritious components consisting of fructose, minerals, manifold amino acids, etc. But the resource of wild plant decreases markedly because of excessively exploration and execrable natural environ- mental conditions in Qing-Tibet Plateau, which is detrimental to ecological environmental protection of Qing-Tibet Plateau and sustainable utilization and exploitation of medical plants. In this paper, the biological characteristics, populated botanical characteristics, community and quantity characteristics and resource accumulation of Solanum nigrum L. in Qinghai Province were investigated by the method of pointing field, the least sample and statistics. Furthermore, the resource accumulation of it was calculated.