从投入产出分析看美国交通运输业特性的变化

Transportation Characteristic Analysis of USA with Input-Output Model

加快发展服务业是国家制定的重要经济发展战略.作为国民经济的传统产业和先导产业,交通运输以其基础产业特性和服务经济属性,成为优先发展的重点领域.在向现代服务业转型过程中,针对交通运输产业发展特点和规律,制定切实可行的战略和政策势所必然.美国是交通运输高度发达的国家,研究美国交通运输的演变轨迹和发展历程,对理解交通运输产业特性,把握交通运输发展规律具有重要的参考价值.本文利用投入产出分析方法,通过计算1947-2002年美国交通运输业的直接消耗系数、完全消耗系数、影响力系数和感应度系数,对美国交通运输在经济发展中的功能定位和作用进行分析,为发展我国交通运输提供经验和借鉴.

Promoting the development of the tertiary industry is taken as a key economic development strategy in China. As a traditional and forerunner industry, transportation has the priority based on its features of basic industry and properties of service economy. In the shirft period for a modern tertiary industry, it is necessary to make suitable and available strategies and policies according to the features and rules of transportation development. The United States is with high advantages in transportation development. Thus, analyzing its transportation evolution and development process has good reference values to capture the properties and development law of transportation industry. Based on the I-O analysis, this paper explores the function location and roles of transportation industry in US in terms of the direct input coefficients, cumulative input coefficients, influence coefficient and induction coefficients from 1947 to 2002. The results provid references for the transportation development in China.