解析公共部门中的“代理机构化”扩散现象——基于政策转移的分析框架

Understanding the Agencification Phenomenon in the Public Sector——Based on a Policy Transfer Framework

从上世纪80年代末开始,英国开始将大量公共事务从中央部委下放到半自主、分散化执行代理机构去,这种做法在随后15年间逐渐扩散到其他众多的欧美、亚洲和非洲国家,全球出现了一场持续的公共部门"代理机构化"浪潮。然而,究竟是什么原因使代理机构的理念超越了各国政治行政制度和意识形态的差异在全球不断流行,即便当一些国家的改革实践已经表明代理机构化会加大公共部门的协调与控制难度?本研究把公共部门中的"代理机构化"扩散现象置于由五个关键性问题所构成的政策转移分析框架中,通过研究代理机构化扩散的缘由、路径、推动力量、作用机制和具体内容,来对这场影响广泛而持久的公共部门改革进行深入的剖析。

From late 1980s,the UK government began delegate a large number of public affairs from cabinet departments to semi-autonomous executive agencies.Soon after this practice spread out to many other countries in Europe,North America,as well as in Asia and Africa,converging into a persistent agencification movement all over the world.What makes the agency idea transcend the political-administrative system and ideological barriers of different countries and become popular among political decision makers,despite the fact that agencification reform has already brought serious problems of coordination and control for some countries? This paper first establishes a policy transfer framework on the basis of five pivotal questions,and then analyzes the rationale,path,mechanism,content as well as key actors involved the agencification process,so as to present a more comprehensive and insightful answer to the question raised above.