亚里士多德、费希特和马克思论休闲

Aristotle's,Fichte's and Marx's Views on Leisure

休闲在哲学领域具有特殊的地位和意义。亚里士多德把休闲确立为西方哲学的起源之一,把休闲归结为一种蕴含智慧、中庸和愉悦的理性的精神生活。费希特从人的权利出发,把休闲规定为个人的神圣不可剥夺的绝对财产,并大大提升了劳动对于休闲乃至人本身的重要性。马克思最终以辩证唯物主义和实践的观点从根本上改造和发展了前人的休闲观。他用异化的观点解析了早期资本主义社会中休闲与劳动的关系,并把休闲本身看作与劳动的辩证统一,看作实现人类自由全面发展的必要条件。他还强调发展生产力是增加休闲的根本途径。

Leisure has its special status and significance in the philosophical domain. Aristotle established and inalienable absolute right of the individual, and greatly enhanced the significance of labor for leisure and mankind itself. Finally, Marx improved and developed essentially the view of leisure of predecessors with his dialectical materialism and practical position. He analyzed the relation of leisure and labor in the earlier capitalist society from the view of alienation, and took leisure as dialectical unification of itself and labor, as a necessary condition to realize human free and comprehensive development. He emphasized that developing productive power is the fundamental means to increase leisure.