小浪底水库运用十年黄河下游河道的再造床

Channel re-establishment of the Lower Yellow River in ten years operation of Xiaolangdi Reservoir

天然河流上游修建大型水利枢纽后,必将引起水库下游河道的再造床。黄河小浪底水库自1999年10月下旬下闸蓄水以来,已运行十年有余。本文通过实测资料的分析,从河道的冲刷和河道的平面形态变化两方面来阐明小浪底水库拦沙运用十年来水库淤积及下游河道的再造床过程及其特点,为小浪底水库进一步水沙调控提供借鉴,也丰富了多泥沙河流兴建大型水库以后下游河道河床演变学科的内涵。

The Xiaolangdi Hydro-Project is a large project downstream of the Sanmenxia Project in the Yel- low River playing the role of flood control and sedimentation mitigation. The reservoir has been operated for 10 years. Based on the field measured data, the reservoir sedimentation and the channel re-establishment of the Lower Yellow River including the morphology of the reservoir deposition, the density current and its sediment transport, the characteristics and efficiency of channel erosion, the coarsening of bed sediment and effects of channel armoring, the relationship between reservoir deposition and channel erosion, as well as the compensation index of reservoir deposition, are analyzed and expounded in this paper. These results are helpful to understand the new behavior of fluvial processes of the river carrying large amount of sediment load such as the Yellow River in the initial period of reservior operation.