脂肪组织源性干细胞分化为神经细胞及其治疗脑缺血的研究现状

Differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells into nerve cells and their transplantation for cerebral ischemia

背景:源于中胚层的脂肪组织源性干细胞均具有多向分化潜能,在特殊的环境条件诱导下,可向神经细胞分化,移植到脑损伤动物模型可促进神经功能恢复。目的:综述应用脂肪组织源性干细胞治疗缺血性脑损伤的研究现状,并对其存在的问题进行分析和展望。方法:第一作者应用计算机检索2000-01/2011-02PubMed数据库、CNKI数据库、维普数据库,中文检索词为"脂肪干细胞,分化,脑缺血",英文检索词为"adipose-derived stem cells,adipose-tissue derived stem cells,adipose stem cells,differentiation,cerebral-ischemia",共检索到175篇文献,最终纳入符合标准的文献34篇。结果与结论:近年来不断有实验发现,脂肪组织源性干细胞可以在不同程度上改善缺血性脑损伤后的神经功能。但是迄今尚未见将脂肪组织源性干细胞诱导为成熟神经元的报道。如何在体内和诱导分化时准确地向神经细胞分化,是今后以脂肪组织源性干细胞治疗缺血性脑损伤的热点。

BACKGROUND： Adipose-derived stem cells （ADSCs） from the mesoderm have the potential of multiple differentiations. It can differentiate to neurons under specific environments and then transplant into animal models of cerebral ischemia which can enhance the recovery of neurological function. OBJECTIVE： To make a review of ADSCs in the treatment of cerebral ischemia, and to analyze current problems and to prospect the future. METHODS： PubMed, CNKI, CAJ were retrieved by computer with Key words of ＂adipose-derived stem cells, adipose-tissue derived stem cells, adipose stem cells, differentiation, cerebral ischemia＂. The language was limited for English and Chinese. The literatures included clinical research, basic research, and reviews. Repetitive researches were excluded, and 34 documents of them were involved for further analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： In recent years, many researches show that ADSCs can promote the neurological function after cerebral ischemia in different degree. But by now there is no report that ADSCs can be induced to mature neurons. How to differentiate to neurons accurately in vivo is a focus of ADSCs in the treatment of cerebral ischemia.