老年女性平地自然行走时足底压力指标衰老特征

Aging characteristics of plantar pressure indicator of old people in walking

背景：有研究表明步态特征的变化及步行稳定性下降是引发老年女性跌倒的主要原因。目的：观察老年女性步行时足底压力特征随年龄增长情况,为监测人体运动系统衰老进程提供基线数据。方法：选取40~50岁中年及70~75岁老年女性各45名为研究对象,应用高频足底压力测试系统进行测试,观察时相、冲量、足轴角、足内外翻等指标的变化。结果与结论：平地自然走时,老年组支撑期各阶段时间均大于中年组。老年组步行时,离地阶段所占支撑时期小于中年组（P〈0.05）,着地阶段、前掌接触阶段所占支撑时期大于中年组（P〈0.05）。中年组足底所受冲量最大的部位是第2,3跖骨,老年组足底所受冲量最大的部位是第3,4跖骨,两组左右双足的分布规律基本一致。行走时老年组的足轴角明显大于中年组足轴角（P〈0.05）;足内翻例数（13例）多于中年组（5例）。结果证实,老年女性行走较中年女性缓慢;支撑期中,离地阶段比例变短,着地阶段比例变长是增龄性变化特征。老年与中年女性最易疲劳和损伤的部位在足前掌中部,老年女性更容易以八字脚姿态行走,同时易出现足内翻现象。

BACKGROUND： Previous studies showed that gait changes and decline in walking stability are the main reason for the older women fall. OBJECTIVE： To observe the plantar pressure characteristics of old women in walking in order to provide the basic data for monitoring the aging process of human motion system. METHODS： Totally 45 middle-aged and 45 elder women were treated with high plantar pressure test system for testing. Phase, impulse, foot shaft angle, enough to turn inside and outside indicators were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： Each stage time of supporting phase in the older group was larger than that of the middle-aged group under natural ground and leave. Compared with middle-aged group, forefoot push off phase occupied by supporting phase was small （P 0.05）, but the contact phase and forefoot intact phase occupied by the supporting phase were large in the older group （P 0.05）. The largest part of impulse of foot suffered was the first metatarsal 2 and 3 in the middle-aged group, and in the older group the largest part of the impulse of foot suffered was the first metatarsal about 3 and 4. Distribution of impulse in feet was basically the same. Walking foot shaft angle in the older group was significantly greater than that of the middle-aged group （P 0.05）. The number of cases with foot inversion in the older group （13 cases） was more than that in the middle-aged group （5 cases）. Middle-aged women walked slowly than older women walking. During supporting period, characteristics of age-related changes were the proportion of forefoot push off phase shorter and the proportion of foot flat phase longer. The site vulnerable to fatigue and injure was the middle of anterior foot. Older people are more likely to walk pigeon toed stance, and prone to foot inversion phenomenon.