社会组织管理体制：地方政府的创新实践

Social Organization Management System:Innovations of Local Governments

本文从中央与地方这一空间维度审视地方政府创新实践及其对我国社会组织管理体制改革的推动作用。在当前中央社会组织管理体制改革的进展背后,存在一轮如火如荼、方兴未艾的地方政府创新实践,这些地方实践各有特色,并经过相互竞争和学习,在管理目的、理念、主体等方面形成一些共同取向。对创新的动力进行分析发现,各地的创新探索既非社会需求自下而上的压力驱动,亦非源自中央自上而下的指示和动员,而是地方党政领导思想解放、主动创新的结果。本文认为地方创新有力地推动了中央层次的社会组织管理体制改革进程,具体而言有三种机制,即改革预期包围、改革意志传递和改革备选政策供给。

This article,from a perspective of central and local government relation,tries to review the innovations of local governments and their roles in the reform of social organization management system at national level.Before the ongoing reform at national level,local governments have long been carrying out innovations concerning social organization management.Different local governments remain their own characteristics in their practices,but at the same time,through mutual competition and learning,they also bring in some similar elements concerning management purpose,principles,and tactics,etc.The motivation analysis shows that those local innovations are neither driven by social demands from the bottom nor mobilized by the central government from the top,but derive from the inner creativities and active efforts of local governmental leaders.In the end,the paper concludes that local innovations have greatly influenced the national reform by ＂Surrounding the Central from the Local＂,which can be decomposed to three detailed mechanisms,namely anticipation surrounding,willingness transferring,and policy options providing.