论近百年中小学教科书中的黄帝形象

A Study on the Images of the Yellow Emperor in the Textbooks of Primary and Secondary Schools over the Past Century

近百年中小学教科书中,黄帝的形象在不断变化。不同时期、不同种类教科书对黄帝形象的描述有明显的差异,甚至相互矛盾。但是,众多形象背后隐含着一些共通的叙事模式——政治统一、民族团结和文化溯源,这些叙事模式最终都指向国家认同。因此,教科书中的黄帝,不仅是传说时代的一个英雄人物,更是国家、民族和文化的一个符号或象征。黄帝形象的不断解构和重构,折射出近百年来一代代教科书编写者不断重塑共同历史记忆的探索历程。

The images of the Yellow Emperor in the textbooks of primary and secondary schools have been changing over the past century. There are significant differences or even contradictions among the images in the textbooks of different periods and types. However, three narrative patterns hidden in the images： political unity, national unity and tracing to the cultural source, which are all related to national identity. Therefore, the Yellow Emperor in textbooks is not only a hero in legendary period but also a symbol of state, nation and culture. The changes of the images of the Yellow Emperor in textbooks over the past century reflect the exploration of writers of different generations in reshaping common historical memory.