VOCs排放、污染以及控制对策

VOCs Emission,Pollution and Control Measures

VOCs会对人体健康和环境造成危害,在紫外线照射下VOCs和大气中的NO_x发生光化学反应,产生O_3等二次污染物;同时,VOCs与大气中的颗粒物作用还会形成二次有机气溶胶。由此可见,对VOCs的控制十分重要。全球范围内的VOCs排放量天然源远高于人为源;在中国(数据不包含港澳台)的VOCs排放量天然源与人为源较为接近,但在一些工业密集区域的VOCs排放量人为源远高于天然源。简述了VOCs的各种控制技术,主要为燃烧法、吸附法、吸收法、冷凝法、生物膜法、电晕法、光催化氧化法等。我国对VOCs的控制目前正处于起步阶段,在技术改进和创新的同时,正在逐渐建立和完善严格的排放标准和相关法令。

VOCs can not only bring harm to human health and environment, but also lead to photochemical reaction with NOx under ultraviolet irradiation, which can generate some secondary pollutants such as 03, etc. Furthermore, VOCs can also act with PM in the air to generate secondary organic aerosols. Therefore, the control over VOCs carries great significance. VOCs emission from natural sources was far higher than that from anthropogenic sources all over the world. In most parts of mainland of China, emission from the natural sources and anthropogenic sources was closer to each other. However, anthropogenie sources emission was higher than natural sources emission in some industrial intensive areas. The common VOCs control methods were summarized, including combustion, adsorption, absorption, condensation, biological membrane process, corona discharge, and photocatalytic oxidation method, etc. VOCs control was still at initial stage in China, and the stricter emission standards and ordinances were gradually shaping and improving as a result of technological advance and innovations.