美国新型职业教育机构终身教职遁形原因与影响——以美国菲尼克斯大学为例

Reasons and Impacts of Canceling Lifelong Staff Tenure in New Vocational Education Institutes in the USA——The Case of University of Phoenix

近年来,美国新型职业教育机构在教师聘任制度方面的最大变化就是取消了教师终身教职。美国新型职业教育机构追求营利的本质属性、简单矩阵的组织结构和中央集权制的管理模式是导致教师终身教职遁形的主要原因。教师终身教职的取消使得教师在课程设置上不再居于核心地位,教师从个性课程的设计者转变为标准课程的执行者,与学生的关系转变为服务者与顾客的关系,教学空间从固定教室迁移到无边界的网络。

In recent years, the most great change of American new vocational education institutes in teachers＇ employ- ment system is canceling the lifelong staff tenure. The essential nature such as pursuing for profits, simple matrix organiza- tion structure and centralized management model of these institutes is the main reasons of canceling lifelong tenure. Can- celing lifelong tenure makes teachers separate away from core position in course setting, makes teachers change from designer of personalized course to executor of standard course, makes the relationship of teachers and students change to that of server and customer, and makes teaching space transform from fixed classroom to no-boundary network.