公建配套地下车库的法律性质及其权属认定的变化——以“今天花园”地下车库纠纷为例

Changes of the Legal Nature and the Ownership of Underground Garage ——As the disputes of "Today Garden"

《物权法》的实施导致地下车库法律性质和地位的变化,也改变了其权利归属认定的逻辑前提。《物权法》实施前,地下车库必须依附于物业小区的宗地使用权,没有独立存在的基础,只能为区分所有建筑物的附属物。交易中未约定时,其权属随商品房的移转而一并移转;《物权法》实施后,借助于土地的分层利用制度,地下车库成为可独立交易物,由此为开发商保留地下车库所有权提供了可能,就其所有权取得无特别约定时,地下车库仍为其初始权利人———开发商所有。因此《物权法》颁布前后,有关地下车库权属判断的衔接问题尤为凸显。

＂Property Law＂ led to the change of the legal nature and status of the underground garage,also changed the logic premise of the ownership of their rights.Before ＂Property Law＂ the underground garage attached to the land use rights of the owners of the residential buildings,is affiliated facility.When the transaction is not agreed,it is owned by the owners after the transaction of the buildings;while after ＂Property Law＂,the hierarchical land use system is established,hence,the underground garage can be separated from the buildings as independent transaction,which provides the possibility for developers to retain the ownership of it,and even it can be owned by other people outside the district.Before and after the ＂Property Law＂,the join of the ownership of the underground garage is becoming vital and indispensable.