对出租车行业特许模式的经济学和行政法学分析

Exploring the franchise system of taxi industry——on the basis of administrative law and economics

我国出租车行业诸多问题年年不绝,深层原因都和作为该行业制度核心的特许经营权制度密不可分。本文从行政法学和经济学视角,对出租车行业实行数量管制的合法性和合理性进行探讨。从行政法学视角看,出租车行业不属于《行政许可法》规定的行政特许范围,实施数量管制也违反了行政法学上的依法行政原则和比例原则;从经济学视角看,数量管制无法消除出租车行业的负外部性,反而导致权力寻租和社会福利损失,政府为了维持管制效果会耗费更多人力物力,直接导致社会成本增加。世界各国放松数量管制的实践证明,只要实施严格的服务和安全标准管制,取消数量管制并不会危害出租车的安全和服务水平,也不会造成经济秩序的混乱。只有让出租车服务业回归到一个正常的竞争性行业,才能真正破解不断凸显的出租车行业管理难题。

Problems occur in taxi industry every year in our country,The root is the franchise system.From the angle of administrative law and economics perspective,this article discusses the legitimacy and rationality of the quantitative control of the taxi industry.In the view of administrative law perspective,the taxi industry does not belong to the administrative licensing scope of ＂administrative licensing law＂.The implementation of quantitative control also violates the principle of administration.In the view of economics,the quantitative control of the taxi industry can not eliminate the negative externality,but can lead to the rent-seeking behaviors and the loss of social welfare.The government will consume more manpower and material resources in order to maintain the control effect,which directly leads to the increase of the social cost.In the world,the practice of the relaxation of the quantity control has proved that it will do no harm to the safety and service level,also will not cause the economic disorder with the implementation of strict service standards and safety control.Only let the taxi industry return back to a normal competitive industry,we can really solve the problems continuing appearing of the taxi industry.