广东早稻高产的适宜气温指标

Suitable temperature index for early rice high yield in Guangdong Province of South China

选取了广东典型生态区的曲江、高要、广州、汕头和湛江5个代表性试验点进行地理分期播种试验,各试验点均采用3个主栽品种、设置6个播期,观测早稻不同发育期、测定其产量及其产量构成因子。结合附近气象站同期观测资料,采用数理统计和变异系数等方法,分析平均气温对早稻产量及产量构成因子的影响,确定了广东早稻高产不同生育期的适宜气温指标。结果表明:全生育期平均气温为23～24℃,其中出苗-分蘖期为18～21℃、分蘖-孕穗期为21～25℃、孕穗-齐穗期为24～28℃、齐穗-成熟期为27～30℃。

A field experiment with three major rice cultivars and six sowing dates was conducted at five representative sites of Guangdong typical ecological areas to the study the durations of each growth and development stage of early rice, its grain yield, and yield components. Combing with the observation data of nearby meteorological stations, and by using the methods of mathematical statistics and variability coefficient, the effects of mean air temperature on early rice grain yield and its components were analyzed, and the suitable temperature index for the high yield of early rice at its each growth and development stage in Guangdong was ascertained. The results showed that the suitable temperature index for early rice high yield throughout the whole growth period, from emerging stage to tillering stage, from tillering stage to booting stage, from booting stage to full heading stage, and from full heading stage to maturity was 23-24 ℃, 18-21 ℃, 21-25 ℃, 24-28 ℃, and 27-30 ℃, respectively.