木本植物茎叶功能性状及其关系随环境变化的研究进展

Leaf and twig functional traits of woody plants and their relationships with environmental change: A review

植物功能性状反映了植物对生长环境的响应和适应,是植物与环境相互作用的结果。植物功能性状之间的关系决定了植物的生活史对策,进而影响多物种的共存和生物多样性的维持。本文综述了叶大小、比叶面积、叶寿命和木质密度、叶大小-小枝大小、叶内生物量分配和叶大小-数量等随环境变化的研究进展,并简述其变化机理。植物功能性状及其关系的研究已经取得了很多成果,建立起了一套有效的研究方法和理论体系;但在今后的研究中,还需要对植物的地上部分和地下部分植物性状之间的协变关系、当年生末端小枝上功能性状间的关系的普遍性,以及叶大小-数量的等速关系在整个被子植物中的保守程度等几个方面进行深入研究。我国常绿阔叶林物种的植物功能性状及其关系研究较少,有待加强和系统化。

Plant functional traits reflect the response and adaptation of plants to their biotic and abiotic environments, being the consequences of the interactions between plant and environment. The correlations and trade-offs among the functional traits decide the life history strategy of plants, and further, affect the plant species coexistence, biodiversity maintenance, and ecosystem functioning. This paper reviewed the research progress on the leaf size, specific leaf area, leaf lifespan and woodiness density, leaf size-twig size, leaf biomass allocation, and leaf size-leaf number in response to environmental changes, and briefly introduced the underlying mechanisms. The researches on the plant functional traits are very fruitful, and a series of effective methodological and theoretical systems are established. Future researches should forward an integrative study on the trade-offs of the functional traits of plant above- and belowground parts, the generality of the relationships among the functional traits of present year top twigs, and the extent to which the isometrics of leaf size / leaf number relationship is conserved across angiosperm trees （and shrubs） and across habitat types. Few studies are made on the functional traits and their relationships of the plant species in evergreen broad-leaved forests in China, which should be strengthened and systematized.