不同类型施肥水平对甘南沙化高寒草甸植物群落特征及生产力的影响

The Influence of Different Types of Fertilizer Application Level on the Gannan Desertification of Alpine Meadow of Plant Characteristics and the Productive Forces

以中度沙化高寒草甸为研究对象,研究了不同类型施肥水平对草地群落物种组成、多样性格局、群落结构及生产力的影响,旨在寻求不同类型施肥的最佳施肥水平。结果表明:①在各个不同施肥水平处理中(除钾肥3个水平处理外),主要优势物种的重要值之间均有显著差异;②各物种多样性指标在有机肥3个水平处理和氮肥3个水平处理中均随施肥量增加而增大,而在磷肥3个水平处理和氮磷钾肥配施3个水平处理中均随施肥量增加显凸形变化趋势;③植被平均高度和4个功能群地上生物量在有机肥3个水平处理和氮肥3个水平处理中均随施肥量增加而增大,在磷肥3个水平处理和氮磷钾肥配施3个水平处理中均随施肥量增加显凸形变化趋势;④钾肥3个水平处理对物种组成、多样性变化、植被高度及地上生物量均没有极显著影响。从草地生产力、群落结构的合理性以及群落的稳定性综合考虑,O3、P2、N3和N-P-K2是高寒沙化草甸施肥的最佳水平。

Taking moderate desertification of alpine meadow as a study object,considering the impact of different types of fertilization on grassland community species composition,diversity patterns,community structure and productivity,the paper aims to seek the best fertilization levels of different types of fertilizers.The results showed that： 1） in different fertilization treatments（except for three levels of potash handling）,the main advantage of the important species differ significantly between the values.2） J,D,Ma,C and H′ species diversity index of the three levels in the manure handling treatment and three levels of nitrogen fertilizer process increased with fertilizer increases,and three levels of phosphate fertilizer and three levels of N-P-K fertilizer treatment,the trends were convex.3） Average height of vegetation and four functional groups of organic fertilizer in aboveground biomass of three levels of processing and handling are three levels of nitrogen fertilizer with the increase of the three levels of fertilizer treatment and the three levels of N-P-K fertilizer treatment significantly increased the amount of fertilizer which are convex with the trends,the differences between both reached a significant level.4） Three levels of potash fertilizer treatment on the species composition,diversity change,vegetation height and aboveground biomass have no significant impact.Taking into account the reasonality and the stability of grassland productivity and community structure,O3,P2,N3,and N-P-K2 are the best fertilization level for the desertified alpine meadow.