中国产业集群升级的困境与对策——基于中国与日本及亚洲四小龙的比较研究

Difficulty in Upgrading China’s Industry Cluster: A Comparison of China and Japan and the Four Asian Tigers

在中国经济高速增长的背后,伴随着人口红利的消失和环境压力的增强,要求我们寻找一个新的增长点。"产业集群升级"是实现这种转变的必然路径选择,但中国在近30多年的高速增长中并没有顺利实现升级。本文从全球生产网络理论出发,通过中国和日本及亚洲"四小龙"的比较研究发现:从内生因素来看,当前中国的企业规模小、数量多以及企业融资渠道不合理是当前产业集群升级的重要阻力;从外生因素来看,当前我国经济结构不合理、制度约束以及国际生产分工格局的转移尚不明显也是制约产业集群升级的三个重要因素。本文提出了相应的促进产业集群升级的政策建议。

With a rapid growth of China＇ s economy on one hand, and with a gradual loss of demographic dividend and hence an increasing pressure from the environment on the other, we definitely need to find a new growth point. Industrial upgrading is a necessary way to achieve this. However the upgrading has not come true over the 30 years. In light of the theory of global production networks, this paper comparatively analyses things in China and those in Japan and the Four Asian Tigers. It is found that, endogenously, enterprises being small-scale and numerous, and unreasonable financing channels arc the factors blocking the update of industrial cluster while exogenously, unreasonable economic structure, inappropriate policy constraint and vague production division are the main factors blocking the upgrading. This paper also proposes suggestions for facilitating the upgrading of industrial cluster.