从超脱到内醒:唐中后期文人的狂禅心态

From Aloofness to Introspection: the Scholar's Crazy Chan Mentality in the Middle and Late of Tang Dynasty

唐中后期文人狂放、超脱的个性,虽然常常出现在诗文书写之中,但由于佛教南宗禅的广泛传播,往往被后世研究者归因为信仰的影响,其中儒家传统的出世观念,则常常被所谓的禅理遮薮。文章通过对这一时期文人狂禅行为特征的剖析,发现文人的超脱只是建构在人世遭遇与个人信仰交点之上的外在处世方式,当这种超脱投影到社会价值观念转型之时,则更多地彰显着士大夫文人即时的功利视角,而天命至上的伦理观业已消弭在信仰与现实之间。

The scholars in the middle and late of Tang Dynasty were unconventional and aloof.With the wide spread of Nanzong Chan Buddhism,later researchers mostly ascribe it to the influence of Buddhist faith,while ignore the effect of Confucian tradition of freeing oneself.Analyzing the characteristics of scholar＇s crazy Chan behavior,this paper finds that their aloofness was the way of living outside,reflecting the conflict between the beliefs and personal experience,and when the aloofness interacted with the transformation of social value,the concept of utility in Confucianism was more prominently revealed than the notion of destiny in the ethics of Buddhism.