中国沿海地区耕地变化及其成因分析

ANALYSIS OF THE ARABLE LAND CHANGE AND ITS CAUSES IN THE EASTERN COASTAL CHINA OVER THE LAST DECADES

论文分析了1996～2008年我国沿海地区耕地变化的基本态势、时空特征及其主导成因。主要结论是:(1)1996～2008年,沿海地区耕地面积呈现持续下降趋势,耕地面积净减少205.5万hm2,年均耕地减少量17.1万hm2。2001～2005年的耕地净减少量为137.3万hm2,分别是1996～2000年、2005～2008年两个时期减少量的4倍;(2)1996～2005年,沿海地区建设占用耕地面积为105.3万hm2,占同期耕地减少总面积的34.03%。建设占用耕地的主要途径是独立工矿、交通、村庄与城镇建设,分别占45.03%、15.8%、15.47%和11.5%;(3)快速工业化、城镇化发展,交通基础设施建设加快,农村城镇化与农村居民点建设用地增长,以及农业结构战略性调整,成为导致沿海地区耕地面积持续减少的重要原因。

This paper,based on GIS technology,discussed the holistic situation,dynamic characteristics and main factors leading arable land loss in the eastern coastal China over the last decades.The conclusions were as follows： 1） the arable land had been continuously decreasing from 1996 to 2008,with a land loss of 2 055 000hm2,averaging 171 000 hm2 per year.Especially,the arable land loss from 2001 to 2005 was four times larger than that of the period from 1996-2000 and 2005-2008;2） total area of encroachment on arable land for construction from 1996 to 2005 was 1 053 000hm2,accounting for 34.03% of arable land loss in the same period,of which the industrial land,transportation land,rural construction land and town construction land occupied 45.03%,15.8%,15.47% and 11.5%,respectively;3） The increasing growth of population,the rapid industrialization,construction of transportation infrastructures,rural urbanization,expansion of rural settlements and agricultural structure adjustment in the eastern coastal areas were all the primary driving forces of arable land changes.