论水文生态学的建立及其历史使命

The Establishment and Historic Mission of Hydroecology

通过水文生态学的背景及过程,给出了水文生态的内涵和定义,水文生态学就是研究水文和生态相互关系及其形成各种水文生态系统的科学。对水文生态作了论述,认为水文生态实际上表现为水文生态系统,它是由水文系统和生态系统耦合而成。生态要素中必然包含着水,水文系统必然影响和伴随着相应的生态系统,生态系统的变化也必然影响水文系统,2个系统相互影响,相互依存,从而启示人们在认识和揭示生态问题时不应忘记水文作用,而在研究和揭示水文问题时也必须考虑相应的生态条件。以灌区、梯田和绿洲为例,进一步论述了不同水文和生态条件下的水文生态系统。水文生态学将以生态学、水文学、河流学、湖泊学、水文地质学、水工建筑学、农田水利学等为基础而获得发展,从而推动人类认识自然的新飞跃,推进水利建设和生态建设的新发展。

The background and evolution of hydroecology formation were introduced,as well as its connotation and definition.Hydroecology is a science of the interrelationship between hydrology and ecology and the various united systems of them——various hydroecology systems.Hydroecology was discussed and it performs as hydroecology system actually.Hydroecology system was combined by hydrology system and ecology system.Thus,it is inevitable that ecological elements includes water factor,hydrology system influences and is companied by relevant ecology system and the variation of ecology system impacts hydrology system.The interaction and interdependence of two systems require taking hydrological function into account on ecological researches,vice versa,it is necessary to take ecological conditions into consideration on hydrological studies.The oasis,terrace and irrigation district were took as examples to discuss the hydroecology systems on different ecological and hydrological conditions.Hydroecology will develop on the bases of ecology,hydrology,potamology,limnology,hydrogeology,hydraulic architecture and farmland water conservancy,motivate new leap of recognizing nature and promote advances of water conservancy and ecological construction.