上海市某社区妇女对乳腺癌防治知识的知晓率和健康行为现况

Awareness and health behavior of community women about breast cancer control in Shanghai City

目的了解社区妇女乳腺癌防治知识知晓情况及防治乳腺癌健康行为形成现况。方法采用《上海市农村妇女乳腺癌检查项目实施方案》中上海市农村妇女"两癌"检查项目问卷调查表,对金山区某社区镇35～59岁的1 989名适龄妇女进行问卷调查。结果对患乳腺癌后会出现的不同症状和体征的知晓情况有显著性差异,乳腺癌乳房会出现肿块的知晓率(49.37%)明显高于乳房皮肤粗糙有凹陷、乳头有流液及腋下有肿块的知晓率(分别为12.12%、8.60%及5.63%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=1628.863,P<0.01);社区女性对预防乳腺癌的健康行为形成率普遍较低,预防乳腺癌的自我检查、临床触诊、B超与钼靶X线的检查率(分别为2.87%、2.16%、1.81%与0.15%)相比,差异有统计学意义(χ2=46.064,P<0.01)。结论乳腺癌早期发现具有积极意义,关键在于健康教育和有效筛查。加强乳腺癌知识的宣传教育,提高妇女对乳腺癌防治的认知水平和健康行为,对社区开展乳腺癌宣传教育和早期筛查对预防乳腺癌意义重大。

[Objective]To understand the present situation of awareness and health behavior of community women about breast cancer control.[Methods]Adopting the questionnaire of rural women on breast cancer and cerical carcinoma according to' The Implementation Plan of Screening Breast Cancer among Rural Women in Shanghai City',1989 women aged 35-59 years in the town of Zhangyan of Jinshan District were surveyed by questionnaire.[Results]The knowledge levels of the different signs and symptoms of breast cancer were significantly different.The knowledge levels of tumor in the breast(49.37%)were significantly higher than the knowledge levels of rough shin(12.12%)and hollow on breast skin(8.60%),fluid on the nipple and the tumor under the armpits(5.63%),when suffering from breast cancer,the differences were significant(χ2 =1628.863,P<0.05).The rate of healthy behavior about preventing breast cancer was lower among community women.The rate of cancer self-examination,clinical palpation,B-ultrasound and X-ray mammography examination was 2.87%,2.16%,1.81% and 0.15%,respectively.The differences were significant(χ2 =46.064,P<0.01).[Conclusion]The positive meaning of early detection of breast cancer lies in health education and effective screening.The health education,knowledge levels and health behavior improvement about breast cancer control play an important role in health promotion and early screening of breast cancer in community.