深圳市有毒有害企业员工职业健康素养评价及其影响因素

Assessment of occupational health literacy and its influencing factors among employees in enterprise with toxic or harmful agents in Shenzhen city

目的了解深圳市有毒有害企业员工职业健康素养水平,探索职业健康素养相关影响因素,为企业职业健康教育和健康促进工作提供科学依据。方法采用Delphi法筛选有毒有害企业员工职业健康素养评价指标,制定深圳市有毒有害企业员工职业健康素养调查问卷,职业健康素养评估分为知识性、态度性、行为性、技能性4个维度。采取分层整群随机抽样方法,对40家有毒有害企业1 987名员工进行问卷调查。结果共调查1 987人,收回有效问卷1936份,有效回收率97.43%。有毒有害企业员工职业健康素养总分为(72.68±10.49),其中知识性、态度性、行为性、技能性分值分别为(64.21±15.57)、(75.42±10.46)、(85.75±12.87)、(71.39±13.77);职业病危害识别及防护类、职业健康损害及处理维权类,其他类(职业安全、劳动组织、工效学、心理健康等)分值分别为(77.30±11.62)、(67.17±13.35)、(71.42±12.43)。各维度及各类别分值比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。多重线性回归显示,职业健康素养、各维度(行为性除外)和各类别分值影响因素前3位均为;文化程度、总工龄、年龄,其中年龄呈负影响,但行为性分值影响因素依次为总工龄、文化程度、深圳工龄、工种、年龄。协方差分析结果显示,上岗前培训组职业健康素养、各维度和各类别分值均高于无培训组(P<0.05),以知识性、职业健康损害及处理维权类分值差别尤为显著。接触职业病危害工种员工对其岗位职业病危害基本认知分(55.04±38.05),低于其职业健康素养知识性分(P<0.01),多重线性回归显示其有显著性的影响因素从大到小依次为:性别、总工龄、工种、文化程度、岗位,协方差分析结果显示上岗前培训与无培训之间差异无统计学意义。结论该次调查结果显示有毒有害企业员工职业健康素养水平较低,应制定有针对性的职业健康宣传教育与健康促进策略和措施,以提高有毒有害企业员工的职业健康素养水平。

[Objective]To investigate the occupational health literacy status and to discover its influencing factors of employees in noxious enterprise in Shenzhen city,and to provide scientific basis for developing strategies for occupational health education and health promotion.[Methods]Delphi method was used to sift out evaluation indicators and lay down questionnaire of occupational health literacy.There were 4 dimensions to estimate occupational health literacy： knowledge,attitude,behavior and skill.The method stratified-cluster random sampling was adopted and 1987 workers from 40 noxious enterprises were selected for the investigation.[Results]A total of 1987 employees were investigated,the number of valid questionnaires was 1 936 and the effective recovery rate was 97.43%.Total score of occupational health literacy was 72.68±10.49.The mean scores of knowledge,attitude,behavior and skill were 64.21±15.57,75.42±10.46,85.75±12.87 and 71.39±13.77 respectively.The mean scores of the occupational hazard identification and protection,occupational health damage and rights protection,and other sorts（including occupational safety,labor organization,ergonomics,mental health,etc） were 77.30±11.62,67.17±13.35,71.42±12.43 respectively.There were significant differences between different dimensions and sorts（P〈0.01）.Multiple linear regression showed that degree of education,total service length and age were the top 3 influencing factors of total score,all dimension scores（except behavior） and all sort scores,of which age was negative influencing factors,but influencing factors of behavioral scores were total service length,degree of education,service length in ShenZhen,type of work and age.Analysis of covariance showed that occupational health literacy,all dimension and all sort scores of pre-job training group were higher than those of no pre-job training group（P〈0.05）,especially for knowledge scores and occupational health damage and rights protection scores.Occupational health damage cognizance scores of occupational hazards exposed workers about their post were lower than knowledge scores of themselves（P〈0.01）.Multiple linear regression showed that outstanding influencing factors of occupational health damage cognizance scores were age,total service length,type of work,degree of education and post from great to little.The analysis of covariance showed the differences between the pre-service training and no training groups were not significant.[Conclusion]The investigation results show the occupational health literacy status of employees in enterprises with toxic or harmful agents was low.Targeted publicity and education of occupational health and health promotion strategies and measures should be developed to improve the occupational health literacy of employees.