上海市宝山区2～7岁儿童的水痘抗体水平

Varicella antibody level of children aged 2-7 years old in Baoshan district of Shanghai

目的观察水痘疫苗的免疫效果和免疫持久性,为水痘疫情的控制提供免疫预防的参考依据。方法对上海市宝山区已种和未种水痘疫苗的2～7岁儿童共455名采集手指末梢血后进行抗体水平测定并进行比较;对已种疫苗儿童进行不同制品、接种年限的比较。结果未种疫苗儿童体内抗体水平随年龄增加逐渐上升;已种儿童体内抗体水平明显高于未种儿童2岁～和4岁～组,组间差异有统计学意义(t值分别为14.439和3.050,均P<0.01)。接种国产、进口疫苗的儿童抗体水平差异无统计学意义;随接种年限的延长,儿童体内抗体水平逐渐降低,差异有统计学意义(F=4.529,P<0.05),阳性率从接种后1年的78.10%下降到接种后3年的66.06%和接种后5年的65.12%,而接种后3和5年的抗体水平之间,差异无统计学意义(χ2=5.061,P>0.05)。结论接种水痘疫苗后可获得较好的免疫保护;国产和进口疫苗效果相当;接种疫苗3年后抗体水平明显下降,建议在首剂接种3年后加强1剂,以提高疫苗的保护效果。

[Objective]To observe the immune effect and immune persistence of varicella vaccine,provide the reference for the immunoprophylaxis of varicella control.[Methods]455 children aged 2-7 years old in Baoshan district of Shanghai were selected,which included the children had varicella vaccine immunization history or not.The blood samples of peripheral finger were collected,and the antibody levels were detected and compared.The differences of vaccines and years of immunization in children with immunization history were compared.[Results]The antibody level of children without immunization history increased gradually with increasing age.The antibody level of children with immunization history was significantly higher than that of 2-4 years old and 4-6 years old children without immunization history（t=14.439 and t=3.050,both P〈0.01）.There was no significant difference in antibody level of children between the domestic and imported vaccine.The antibody level of children decreased with increasing years of immunization,and the difference was significant（F=4.529,P〈0.05）.The positive rate decreased from 78.10% of 1 year after inoculation to 66.06% of 3 year after inoculation and 65.12% of 5 year after inoculation,and there was no significant difference in antibody level between 3 year and 5 year after inoculation（χ2=5.061,P〉0.05）.[Conclusion]The varicella vaccine can provide good immune protection.The domestic and imported vaccines have similar effect.The antibody level decreases significantly 3 year after inoculation,so it is suggested that another 1 dose of varicella vaccination should be performed 3 year after first-dose to improve the protective effect.