西安市学校存在的公共卫生问题及建议

Public health problems of schools in Xi'an city and suggestions

目的了解西安市各级各类学校的卫生工作状况,找出存在的公共卫生问题,进一步加强学校卫生监督,防止各类突发性公共卫生事件的发生。方法西安市卫生监督所以13个区县辖区内的各级各类学校为对象,采取座谈、查阅资料、现场查看,逐项填写调查表等形式对2010、2011年对学校传染病预防控制、生活饮用水、宿舍等公共卫生管理工作进行了专项调查。结果学校传染病预防控制组织机构和人员2011年较2010年明显增加,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.770,P<0.05);中小学校在传染病管理制度的落实上明显好于普通高校。自建设施供水学校的持证率、消毒及涉水产品的索证率较低。学生公寓人均面积基本符合标准要求。结论学校的传染病预防控制工作明显加强,但卫生专业技术人员(保健老师)的配比不足。学校自建设施供水是今后监督的重点。

[ Objective] To understand the health conditions of all types of schools at all levels in Xi＇an city, find out the existing public health problems, further strengthen the school health supervision, and prevent all kinds of public health emergencies. [ Methods] Xi＇an institute of health inspection chose all types of schools at all levels from 13 counties/cities of Xi＇an city as the object. By using the informal discussion, consulting data, field investigation and questionnaire, the public health management which included infectious diseases prevention and control in schools, drinking water and dormitory were studied in 2010 and 2011. [ Results] The institutions and staff of infectious disease prevention and control in 2011 increased as compared with those in 2010, and the difference was significant （ X2 = 4.770, P 〈 0.05 ）. The implementation of infectious disease management system in primary and secondary schools was significantly better than that in general colleges and universities. In schools with self-built water supply facilities, the holding rate of certificate, and the rate of asking for certificates of disinfection products and products related to drinking water were low. The per capita area of students＇apartment basically met the standard. [ Conclusion] The infectious disease prevention and control in schools has been strengthened obviously, but there is a lack of health professionals （ health teachers ）. The self-buih facilities water supply in schools is the emphasis of supervision in the future.