2006—2010年儿科住院儿童死亡状况及相关因素分析

An analysis on death of hospitalized pediatric patients during 2006 to 2010 and its related factors

目的了解近5年儿科住院儿童死因变化情况及性别、年龄、季节分布情况以及儿科死亡病例占全院死亡病例的情况。方法从电脑检索近5年全院住院死亡人数和儿科住院儿童死亡病例，根据国际疾病《ICD-10》分类原则进行分类，统计分析儿科住院儿童死亡病例的一般情况和主要死亡原因。结果近5年儿科住院儿童死亡病例占全院死亡病例的4．67％；男女死亡之比为1．09：1；季节对死亡率有一定影响；婴儿死亡率最高；新生儿死亡原因主要是非感染因素，前五位死因是早产儿及合并症、先天性畸形、吸入性肺炎、窒息、感染，1～5岁则以感染因素多见，≥5岁则以感染及白血病为主要因素。结论儿童疾病以预防为主，加强妇幼保健工作，提高妇幼保健意识，加强产前检查和孕育指导，提高各级医院在围产期和婴儿期诊疗技术和护理水平，降低新生儿出生缺陷和早产儿出生率是控制新生儿死亡率重要措施，对早期疾病及时干预，控制环境危害对儿童健康的影响。

Objective To comprehend the causes of death in hospitalized children in recent 5years and the changes of gender, age, and seasonal distribution and the ratio of pediatric death to total death. Methods The general conditions and major causes of death in the hospitalized children in recent 5 years were analyzed according to the ICD - 10. Results Pediatric death was 4.67% of the total death, with a male to female ratio of 1.09 ： 1. Season has some effect on mortality. The death rate was highest in infants. Non infectious factors were the main causes of neonatal death. The top five causes of death was premature with complications, congenital malformations, aspiration pneumonia, asphyxia, and infection. Infection was more common in children aged 1 to 5, and infection and leukemia were the major causes in those older than 5. Conclusions Prevention is the major measure for childhood diseases. Improvement of health care for women and children, reinforcement of antenatal examinations and instructions for pregnancy and childbirth, improvement of nursing care in the perionatal stage and infancy, and reduction of birth defects and preterm birth rate are the important measures to control neonatal mortality. Early diseases should be treated promptly and environmental hazards should be eliminated.