论法的目的——以康德目的论哲学为视角

Legal Teleology——Taking Kant's Philosophical Teleology as an Example

有关法的目的之论说是法理学中的一个核心命题。法的目的指向法律秩序本身,并决定法律秩序的精神品质。依据康德的目的论哲学,法的目的可以区分为法的外在目的和法的内在目的。前者在经验意义上探究法律秩序何以成为人类生存之必需的问题;后者在先验意义上揭示一切经验性法律存在的客观必然性和内在根据。而对于法的内在目的之讨论严格来说源自近代,它由两个部分构成,其一是个体的道德权利,其二是为确保个体的道德权利获得实现的普遍性方面。

Legal teleology is the central thesis of Jurisprudence, and it is directed to the legal order itselfand also determines the essence of the legal order. There is the inner end and the outer end according to Kant philosophical teleology, the former concerned why legal order is necessary to the human existence from theempirical perspective, and the latter revealed the objective necessity and innate ground of legal existence from the transcendental perspective. Properly speaking, the discussion about inner end of the law started with theearlier modern thought and it consists of two parts ： the first is the individual~ moral rights and the other is the universal element which can ensure the realization of the moral right.