乌鲁木齐地区喘息患儿发生支气管哮喘的危险因素

Risk Factors of Bronchial Asthma in Wheezing Children in Urumqi Area

目的探讨乌鲁木齐地区喘息患儿发生支气管哮喘(哮喘)的危险因素。方法对2008年1-12月在新疆医科大学第五附属医院门诊及住院的300例喘息患儿的临床资料进行统计。用统一的调查表调查其年龄、性别、湿疹、变应性鼻炎、食物过敏、家族过敏史/哮喘史、运动相关性喘息等。出院后通过门诊或电话进行随访。采用Logistic回归分析方法对各因素与哮喘发生的关系及相关程度进行分析。结果随访2 a,275例获得随访;25例失访。275例喘息患儿在随访期内86例(31.2%)发生哮喘。Logis-tic回归分析发现湿疹、变应性鼻炎、家族过敏史/哮喘史、运动相关性喘息、反复下呼吸道感染(LRTI)、外周血嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)增高与喘息患儿发生哮喘有关(湿疹:OR=2.376,95%CI 0.098～0.935,P=0.039;变应性鼻炎:OR=1.052,95%CI 2.267～14.283,P=0.024;家族过敏史/哮喘史:OR=1.886,95%CI 1.004～3.542,P=0.048;运动相关性喘息:OR=1.881,95%CI 2.267～18.983,P=0.001;LRTI:OR=5.341,95%CI 1.676～10.983,P=0.016;外周血EOS增高:OR=3.915,95%CI 1.459～10.501,P=0.002)。结论个人过敏史(湿疹和变应性鼻炎)、家族过敏史/哮喘史、运动相关性喘息、LRTI、外周血EOS增高是乌鲁木齐地区喘息患儿发生哮喘的危险因素。

Objective To study the risk factors of bronchial asthma（asthma） in wheezing children in Urumqi area. Methods Clinical data from 300 wheezing children were collected from Jan.to Dec.2008 in the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University.Information about age,sex,food allergy,eczema,allergic rhinitis,family history of atopy/asthma,exercise induced wheeze,recurrent lower respiratory tract infection（LRTI）and eosinophilia（EOS） were collected with a standardized questionnaire.The data were collected by clinic service and telephone follow-up in post-discharge for 2 years.The risk factors for asthma were investigated by Logistic regression analysis. Results Two hundred and seventy-five patients were followed up for 2 years,and 25 patients lost follow-up.Eighty-six of 275 cases（31.2%） of wheezing children developed into asthma.The factors which contributed to asthma onset were eczema,allergic rhinitis,family history of asthma,exercise induced wheezing,recurrent LRTI and EOS（eczema ：OR=2.376,95%CI 0.098-0.935,P=0.039;allergic rhinitis： OR=1.052,95%CI 2.267-14.283,P=0.024;family history of atopy asthma：OR=1.886,95%CI 1.004-3.542,P=0.048;exercise induced wheezing：OR=1.881,95%CI 2.267-18.983,P=0.001;LRTI：OR=5.314,95% CI 1.676-10.983,P=0.016;EOS：OR=3.915,95% CI 1.459-10.501,P=0.002）. Conclusions Eczema,allergic rhinitis,family history of atopy/asthma,exercise induced wheeze,recurrent LRTI and EOS are the risk factors of asthma in wheezing children in Urumqi area.