生态补偿对农户生计资本的影响——以甘南黄河水源补给区为例

Effect of Ecological Compensation on FarmerHousehold Livelihood Capital——A Case Study in the Yellow River Water Supply Area in Gannan

针对甘南黄河水源补给区实施的退牧还草工程,基于"可持续生计框架",建立生计资本指标,利用农户调查资料,测算生态补偿前后农户的生计资本,采用均值比较分析和协方差分析评估生态补偿对农户生计资本的影响,最后提出应建立多样化、差别化的补偿方式,来提高不同地区农户的生计资本.结果表明:与退牧前相比,农户的生计总资本显著增加,由退牧前的0.216增至目前的0.277,其中人力资本、物质资本、金融资本、社会资本分别增加了0.094、0.075、0.115、0.040,自然资本显著下降,降低了0.023.生态补偿对农户生计资本结构的影响具有区域差异性,生计资本总指数增幅最大的是半农半牧区,依次是农区、纯牧区;生态补偿对农户各生计资本关系的影响具有区域差异性,实施生态补偿后纯牧区农户各生计资本之间的相关程度增强,而半农半牧区和农区农户各生计资本之间的相关程度减弱.

Ecological compensation assessment and benefit analysis have become one of the hotspots in recent years.In allusion to the grazing forbidden project implemented in the Yellow River water supply area in Gannan,based on the sustainable livelihood framework,the livelihood capital indexes are established by using survey information on farmer-households,and the farmer-household capital is calculated,in order to assess the effect of ecological compensation on the farmer-household livelihood capital through comparative analysis and covariance analysis.Finally,a more diverse and differentiated compensation is proposed,so as to improve the livelihood capital of farmers in various areas.Conclusions are drawn as follows： 1） the livelihood capital index increases significantly from 0.216 before grazing forbidden to 0.277 at present.Among them,human capital,physical capital,financial capital and social capital increase markedly by 0.094,0.075,0.115,0.040,respectively,meanwhile,natural capital decreases markedly by 0.023;2） The effect of ecological compensation has regional disparity in livelihood capital structure,in other words,the increase amplitude of livelihood capital is agro-pastoral region agricultural regionpastoral region.Among them,the effect of physical capital is pastoral regionagro-pastoralist region agricultural region;the effect of human capital and social capital have a similar result： agricultural region agro-pastoralist region pastoral region;the result of financial capital is agro-pastoralist region pastoral region agricultural region;and the decreasing amplitude of natural capital is agro-pastoralist region pastoral region agricultural region;3） Farmer-household livelihood capital correlation has regional difference,which is influenced by ecological compensation.The correlation of the livelihood capital in pastoral region has enhanced;nevertheless,the correlation of the livelihood capital in agro-pastoralist region and agricultural region has reduced.