西瓜组织培养的研究

Tissue Culture of Watermelon

为建立西瓜顶芽培养与子叶培养的实验流程 ,以西瓜子叶、顶芽为外植体 ,进行了不定芽的诱导、芽的伸长、生根以及再生植株的移栽与嫁接试验 .结果表明 :顶芽诱导不定芽的诱导率高于子叶 ;苗龄 4～ 5 d、刚刚由黄色转为浅绿色的子叶诱导不定芽的诱导率最高 ,苗龄 8～ 9d的顶芽诱导产生的不定芽最多 ;用子叶诱导不定芽的适宜培养基为 MS+1.0 mg/L BA,用顶芽诱导不定芽的适宜培养基为 MS+3.0 mg/L BA+0 .2 mg/L IAA;不定芽在 MS+0 .2 mg/L KT培养基上能较快地伸长 ,伸长的芽茎在分别添加 0 .1m g/L KT,0 .1mg/L NAA或0 .1mg/L IAA的 1/2 MS培养基上都容易生根 ;西瓜的直接移栽难以成活 ,试管苗无菌嫁接的成活率高于常规嫁接 .

The inducing of adventitious buds,the stretching of shoot,the production of root and the regeneration plant's transplantation and graft were studied by using the cotyledon and terminal buds of watermelon as explant to set up the culture process of terminal bud and cotyledon of watermelon,aiming at laying the foundation for the study of watermelon genetic engineering.The results showed that the rate of induced adventitious buds from the terminal bud was higher than that from the cotyledon;the cotyledon of 4~5 days seedling,whose color just changed from yellow to light green,produced adventitious buds with the highest rate among all cotyledons;the terminal bud of 8~9 days seedling produced the most adventitious buds;the medium suitable for cotyledon producing adventitious buds was MS+1.0 mg/L BA,while the medium suitable for the terminal bud producing adventitious buds was MS+3.0 mg/L BA+ 0.2 mg/L IAA;the adventitious buds stretched fast in the medium of MS+0.2 mg/L KT;the stretched shoot rooted easily in 1/2 MS+0.1 mg/L KT (or 0.1 mg/L NAA or 0.1 mg/L IAA);the test tuble seedling of watermelon was transplanted with a lot of difficulties;the survival rate of test tuble seedlings by sterile graft was higher than that by normal graft.